Anishinawbe Blog

April 25, 2010

Anishinaabe Teachings are within reach

What are “teachings”?

It’s a simple enough question that has a vast array of answers.

Some Anishinaabeg people think a teaching is a form of unsolicited, mystic wisdom. You sign up for a weekend event or conference, someone will no doubt provide you with some teachings.

Some think teachings are what a knowledgeable speaker says at a pow-wow. Some think it is anything that is said in a ceremony. If you go to enough ceremonies – you’ll have your share of teachings. While many others think it is history or individual knowledge given in the “oral tradition”.

Some will go so far as saying that teachings are anything that an Elder says. Well, there are just as many definitions of “Elder” as there are for “teachings”. Some think The Elder is KISS’ worst studio album.

The teachings that I’m speaking of don’t come from any unsolicited, mystic wisdom. The teachings that I’m writing about don’t come from individual knowledge or someone’s life stories.

The teachings that I’m speaking of are a specific set of indigenous knowledge. In this case, Anishinaabe indigenous knowledge.

These teachings have specific wording in the Anishinaabemowin language. These teachings don’t change. Sure, words can evolve over time and can be translated – but their meaning is always the same when they are given. These teachings have an origin and a specific story of their own. They also have corresponding traditional songs. Beautiful songs. Each teachings has a specific place among a multitude of places. They also have innumerable specific purposes. The teachings that I’m speaking of don’t come at random.

Believed me, these are quite different from the teachings you receive from your local Elder around the pow-wow campfire.

I’ll draw a parallel from Christianity.

Jesus Christ has teachings. Those teachings come from the Holy Bible – which is the source of Christian wisdom and contain a specific set of teachings from the Christian Lord.

But if I were to say that: Jesus came to me in a dream last night – and said that we must all wear yellow socks in honour of the crucifixion. In that dream, Jesus himself lifted his golden robe and showed me his yellow socks – which were soothing his sacred wounds. He said: “Wearing these yellow socks should be part of your ritual stigmata.” He spoke to me in ancient Arimaic, which I fully understand and speak in my dreams.

Most Christians would say “B*llsh*t!” – no matter how believable I am while I testify with my arms to the sky. And rightly so.

But when an “Elder” comes forward, honourarium paid for by the band office, and provides our communities with “teachings” – we gather in droves, like he or she is distributing loaves and fishes.

No matter how many “Elders”, “teachers”, “shamans”, “mystics”, “traditional people” and “consultants” you consult – there is only one true source of our original, Anishinaabeg teachings. The Midewiwin Lodge.

The Midewiwin, the “way of the heart”, is a society that was given the role to teach, practice and preserve the traditional knowledge and original spiritual way of the Anishinaabe people.  The Midewiwin is the source of our Creation Story, the story of Waynaboozhoo, our Clan System and the Seven Grandfather Teachings.  The Midewiwin hold these teachings in trust for all Anishinaabe people. In fact, our teachings tell us that the Spirit of this Lodge, Mide-mnidoo, was provided to the Anishinaabeg by the Creator to look after us and provide us with a sense of closeness and kinship to G’zhemnidoo.

We have something else in common with Christians. Anishinaabe teachings are indeed written down – contrary to the many people out there that think everything Indian people are taught comes down in the so-called oral tradition.

The wigwaas (birchbark) scrolls are an incredible record of Anishinaabe indigenous knowledge. I’ve seen these scrolls with my own eyes, and held them with my own hands. They are an incredible record of our Creation story, our history as well as our vibrant, Spiritual past and sacred teachings. Some scrolls, corresponding teachings and songs are a record of our original instructions given to us directly from the Creator. We may lack a Moses but we have our very own Anishinaabe ten commandments! Well actually, a great deal more than ten.

The Anishinaabe are no different that any other indigenous nation. Many other nations have traditional societies that look after their traditional knowledge and teachings. The best example is the Haudenosaunee (Six Nations) people. The source of their knowledge is the Longhouse. No one can purport to provide Mohawk teachings or Oneida wisdom without being a sanctioned member of the Longhouse. If they did, they’d be quickly called on it: “B*llsh*t!”

Unfortunately, for the Anishinaabe, our traditional knowledge is very old and is long lost in almost every single one of our communities. Our history and prophesies tell us that the Midewiwin foreseen what would happen to our people and our ancestors chose to hide our ways and keep them secret. Unfortunately, that also worked against us. Our ways and knowledge were simply were forgotten. Our indigenous knowledge and traditional societies have long since been taken away from us and labeled as devil-worship. The Midewiwin have been replaced by more civilized values and Christianity.

However, as more and more Anishinaabe people are regaining their identity – they are seeking to learn more about their traditional ways. Some are choosing to return to those ways entirely. Sadly, a great many people – confused by the melting pot of “Aboriginal” knowledge – are swept up by new age and pow-wow spirituality. Other Anishinaabe people choose to live a hybrid life attending a plethora of ceremonies, fasting, sweat lodges, sun dances, rain dances, and round dances belonging to other nations. However, this makes them quite healthy and happy and it provides many people with fulfillment in their lives. Many are oblivious to the fact that their practices are borrowed from other nations.

However, within reach – and right under their noses – is true, Anishinaabe knowledge.

Still, many people simply don’t want to put in the work it requires to earn this knowledge. Many feel the Midewiwin are a secret society, or a selfish, protective cult holding this knowledge for themselves. Nothing could be further from the truth.

All Anishinaabe people are entitled to this knowledge and are welcome to study all the Spirit will offer. However, it requires time, effort, a commitment to the society and a commitment to living a good and just life. As our Grand Chief Bawdwaywidun has always said – if you want to know: “Come to the Lodge.”

February 17, 2010

Natives only. Canadians only. What’s the difference?

Filed under: Personal — Tags: , , , , , , — Bob Goulais @ 7:28 am

Complain and fight as much as you want, but Italians, Mexicans and the Chinese can’t just get off a plane, bring their things, rent a place and live in Canada.

Neither can the Spanish, Portuguese, Czechs, Polish or Brazilians.  Even members of the commonwealth – Aussies, Scottish, Irish, Jamaicans and Pakistanis – all loyal subjects of the Queen don’t have this right to just move in.  Even our greatest allies, the Americans can’t just up and move to Kindersley, Saskatchewan.

They just don’t have the right.  Sovereign law prohibits it.

Nobody calls Canada racist.  Nobody criticizes Canada for their raced-based policies, like relaxing their immigration rules on Haitian orphans.

However, when the Kahnawake Mohawk Nation sent out 25 notices of evictions to individuals living on their territory – Canadians went ballistic with allegations of racism.

It’s true that prospective immigrants have due process to obtain temporary visas to visit family, go to school or even work for a certain period of time.

But when that visa is up – it’s time to go.  By eviction, deportation, sometimes by force.

I have no problem with Canada’s immigration system.  I am absolutely thrilled that the Crown continues to support multi-culturalism and allows so many diverse people to become citizens.

That is Canada’s right.

What most people don’t understand is that the Mohawk Nation has a radically different culture and values than the rest of Canada.  It is different than the Anishinaabe, the Mi’kmaq and many other indigenous nations.  It is as different as Armenians, the Maori, Lithuanians and just about everybody else.  Their culture, values and laws are vastly different than yours and mine.

The Mohawks have different laws, different values and different sense of protectionism.  That is their right.

I personally do not agree with the Mohawk policy.  My nation is going in a different direction on citizenship.  The Anishinabek Nation is moving to develop our own citizenship code that is more inclusive rather than exclusive.  It will adopt a one-parent rule to determine citizenship.  Our citizenship law will recognize adoptions, inter-marriage and allow for a process of transfer and naturalization.  Although I may not agree with the Mohawk citizenship law, I respect their need to protect their diminishing culture and their diluting blood lines.  That is the Mohawk Nation’s right.

But many Canadians – those same Canadians who value differences and respect multi-culturalism – just can’t seem to accept nor respect the culture, values and laws of the Mohawk Nation.

What all Canadians need to understand is that indigenous nations are just that – Nations.  First Nations have our own land, people, language, culture, values and laws.  We have the right to govern our territory as we see fit.  We have the right to develop citizenship and immigration policy, just as Canada has that same right.  It’s a matter of mutual respect, really.

The constitutional and legislative framework in Canada needs to be amended to reflect the reality of indigenous nationhood.  The sooner that politicians understand this and the average Canadian understand this – the sooner we will all begin to work together for the same goals.

We may not have to agree with the Mohawk’s citizenship law.  But we should respect it.

December 1, 2009

What do you mean you’re going to Ceremonies?

Three Fires Midewiwin Lodge Grand Chief Eddie Benton-Banai

“I’m going to ceremonies.”

If you work for an aboriginal organization or around First Nations people, chances are you may have heard the phrase.  You may even know a few people that take time off every few months in order to attend ceremonies.

But what does that mean:  “going to ceremonies?” 

Here’s the answer from an ethnographic, socio-anthropological point-of-view.

But please understand that this article is a plain-language, nuts and bolts overview of a very rich and diverse way of life.  It certainly does not depict the intense spiritual and intellectual traditions of the Midewiwin way of life.

The Midewiwin is holistic in it’s being.  Meaning that birth, formal education, higher education, family life, marriage, parenting, value systems, vocations, governance and leadership, laws, the clan system, social structure, healing and medicine and even our social life… they all exist within Midewiwin Lodge.  Even more specialized societies and ceremonies, like the Sundance, Sweat Lodge, Ogitchidaa, big drum, shaking tent – they all exist within the Midewiwin.

Today, much of that has been assimilated by broader society.  Sadly, most communities have long forgotten about the Midewiwin society.

But for the Midewiwin people, our lives are dedicated to living this way of life and our central concept of mno-bimaadiziwin, or the Good Life.

In case you haven’t picked it up already, my family and I belong to a traditional society called the Midewiwin.  If you Google Midewiwin, a whole world of Ojibway sorcery opens up on your screen.  Grand Medicine Society, Secret Society, Shamanism, Mysticism…  These are just colourful, spooky words to describe our traditional spiritual way of life.

Midewiwin simply means “way of the heart” in the Ojibwe language.  Our society existed long before European contact and is one of the oldest spiritual movements in North America.

THREE FIRES MIDEWIWIN LODGE

There are only a small number of functioning Midewiwin Lodges across Anishinaabek territory, mainly centred in northwestern Ontario and Minnesota.  Our Lodge, called the Three Fires Midewiwin Lodge is probably the largest Midewiwin community.  The Eastern Doorway of our Lodge is centred in Ontario and central Michigan; the Centre Fire is located in Wisconsin and Minnesota; and the Western Doorway is centred in southern Manitoba and northwestern Ontario.

Historically, the Midewiwin consisted of the Algonkian people of the Great Lakes area:  the Anishinaabe.  Linguists thoughtfully sub-divided the Anishinaabek nation into the Ojibway, Odawa, Pottawotomi, Algonquin, Mississauga and Chippewa.  Today, many other nationalities have found their way to the Midewiwin including the Lene Lenapi, Ho-chunk, Haudenasaunee, Cree, Mik’maq, even a Mayan and a couple of Choctaws and Cherokees.  You can call us the United Nations of traditional societies.

Our gatherings take place each season usually on the Full Moon.  Spring Ceremonies take place in June, Summer Ceremonies take place in August, Fall Ceremonies take place in late-October or November, and Mid-winter ceremonies take place in February or March.

MIDE-WIIGAAN

The ceremonies themselves take place in a beautiful, spiritual place called the Midewiwin Lodge or Mide-wiigaan.  The Lodge is an elongated framed structure made of maple saplings tied together in a special configuration.  In school, you might have been taught that this is called a “wigwam”.  Our Lodge has been known to be as long as 140 feet to accommodate greater numbers.

There is special meaning to each part of the Lodge itself including it’s doorways, the four levels of supports that enclose the sides of the Lodge.  For example, the “path of life” is set of parallel poles that reach out from the earth forming the Eastern Doorway.  They run along the highest part of the roof, right across the length of the Lodge and back down into the earth at the Western Doorway.  The fireplace is at the centre and heart of the Lodge.

People sit along the edge of the Lodge, both inside and outside the Lodge.  There are special placements for drums, leadership, Elders, initiates and special guests.

Ceremonies usually last at least four days beginning with Fire Lighting Ceremony.  Fire Lighting is done by the men, who have the traditional responsibility to provide and look after the fire for the full four days.

Lately, to accommodate the needs of the Lodge – ceremonies have been known to start on the Wednesday and last five days.

THE MIDE SPIRIT & CEREMONIES

The most essential part of Midewiwin Society is our belief in the Creator, the Spirit World and in our special caretaker Spirit, called Mide-mnidoo.  The Midewiwin Spirit is called into the Lodge and is present throughout the duration of ceremonies.  The Spirit is embodied in the sacred Grandfather Water Drum, who presides over the Lodge.  The Grand Chief and the Doorway Chiefs of the Lodge sit at the Grandfather.  There are also several Little Boy water drums, who are the helpers of the Grandfather.

The term ceremonies is plural for a reason. There are many diverse ceremonies that take place in the Midewiwin Lodge.  Following fire-lighting, there is a daily sunrise ceremony that takes place.  This consists of a tobacco offering, sharing of the sacred pipes, a water offering conducted by the women and sharing some food, usually berries.

The tobacco offering takes place a number of times during the day.  During a series of songs, each man, woman and child offer tobacco in a bowl that goes around the Lodge.  The tobacco is gathered by tobacco dancers who fill pipes and offer them to the Spirit.  The Pipe is first smoked by the Elders on behalf of all those in session.  The tobacco is spoken for in prayer and brought around for everyone to smoke.  Most just touch the pipe stem to acknowledge the Spirit.

The Water Ceremony is a beautiful ceremony conducted by our women.  The Midewaanikwe hold the water up in copper vessels while a beautiful water song is rendered by the women.  The water is spoken for in prayer and a small amount is shared with everyone attending the session.  The water is no longer just nbi – it is then considered sacred medicine water, Mide-waaboo.

After the mid-morning tobacco offering and water ceremony, the mid-day feast takes place.  The feast is a ceremony into itself, consisting of a number of protocols, then sharing of a great traditional meal.

INITIATES

The afternoon session typically have a number of purposes.  Usually, during the early days of ceremonies, the afternoon is used for meetings. The Lodge leadership meetings or conducts workshops on occasion.  The Grandmothers council also gets a chance to meet.

During the time, the Road People begin assembling the Midewiwin initiates – those who have declared their intentions to join the society.  In recent years, between 45-60 people are initiated annually into the Three Fires Midewiwin Lodge.

Preparing the initiates is an important job and requires time.  For example, the evening session on the first day is set aside for Sweat Lodge ceremonies for teachers and initiatives.  Throughout Summer, Fall and Mid-winter Ceremonies, the initiates receive their four sacred teachings – which is solely for the Midewiwin people.  They also receive four songs to help them in preparation for the initiation that takes place over the course of two to three days during Spring Ceremonies.  A special initiative Lodge is built for that purposes.  It is the most beautiful time for Midewiwin people, to welcome new brothers and sisters into the Lodge.

There are many levels, or degrees of the Midewiwin.  In our Lodge, our leadership and teachers do their work as Fifth Degree and Fourth Degree Chiefs.  During the height of Midewiwin history, Midewiwin priests (as they were called in the history books) attained levels as high as Eighth Degree Midewiwin.  Each level of learning requires further intense commitment and level of understanding.

FELLOWSHIP

One of the most exciting part of ceremonies are the Ogitchidaa Dance, the Buffalo Dance and the Jingle Dress Healing Dance.  These are special ceremonies that usually take place in succession on the Saturday of ceremonies.  There is a lot of dancing, singing, feasting and fellowship.

The Ogitchidaa Dance is a festive session of singing and dancing led by our veterans in our Lodge and it’s a means to re-enlighten our pride and tradition of the Ogitchidaa Society.

The Buffalo Dance is done by young adults who are just developing into adolescence.  These brave Buffalo Dancers give a four year commitment to abstain from drugs and alcohol, boy-girl relationships and go through this time as a role model for other youth. 

The Jingle Dress Healing Dance is a time of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual healing for the participants.  The Jingle Dress dancers do their work during this sombre, yet power ceremony.

THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE

The Three Fires Midewiwin Lodge has a unique history, in that it was envisioned the Midewiwin Society would need to bridge the gap between the old ways and the young people.  That involved the controversial decision to allow English to be used in the Lodge for those who could not understand.  Today, ceremonies are still only conducted in the Ojibway language, although individual translators assist those who are unable to understand the language.  Learning the Ojibway language is a crucial commitment to being a part of the Midewiwin Society, as the work of the Spirit can only be done in Ojibway.

November 23, 2009

Why First Nations Shouldn’t Pay HST

Last week, the Government of Ontario introduced legislation entrenching the Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) in Ontario beginning July 1, 2010.  There is a lot of mixed reviews, both for and against the HST.  There is no question, the one thing that the HST is sure to do, is continue the trend that Ontario is one of the most taxed jurisdictions in all of North America.

On most purchases, most people won’t know the difference.  Instead of seeing 8 per cent provincial Retail Sales Tax (RST or PST) and 5 per cent Goods and Services Tax (GST), consumers will see a flat 13 per cent HST on their receipts.

However, the population that will be most adversely affected and will see the most change will be First Nation people.

For the first time since the introduction of the provincial sales tax, First Nations people living on-reserve will be subject to the 8 per cent portion of the tax.  We will have to pay the entire brunt of the 13 per cent sales tax.

Since time immemorial… well, at least my time immemorial, I’ve been able to go into Walmart or The Source, or any other retailer for that matter, present my status card and receive a point-of-sale tax exemption of 8 percent.  In doing so I’d have to endure my share of customer service ignorance, fill out a monstrosity of forms and put up with verbal jibes from the rednecks standing in line behind me.  The more noise they make, the slower I fill out the form.  In one case, after a couple of comments, I reverted to filling out the exemption form left-handed.

If the retailer tried to mess with my right, I would either get an individual fired or go corporate on their ass.

In the end, I felt that the point-of-sale tax exemption was my right.  The contemporary Anishinaabe teaching is that we are supposed to exercise our rights or one day we may lose them.  Apparently that day has come.

But I have a bombshell for many of you.  And it may be difficult for me to say.  But here goes… 

First Nations do NOT have the Treaty right to tax exemption.

There, I said it.  It makes me shudder but it’s entirely true.  The majority of our Treaties, certainly the 1850 Robinson Huron Treaty, does not make reference to taxation.  There are no references or right to tax exemption in most of the Treaties.  It’s a basic fact.

But the treaties said nothing of being subject to paying taxes either.

First Nations must assert that First Nations have the aboriginal right and the sovereign inherent right to be immune from foreign taxation.  Such a right is not only fundamental, it may be protected under international law.  For example:  the United States cannot enter sovereign Canadian territory and force Canadians to pay US taxes.

I think First Nations have a strong case in stating that Canada cannot assert unproven jurisdiction in First Nations’ traditional territory and force First Nations to pay Canadian taxes.

But paying the eight percent is no big deal, we can get it back at the end of the year, right?

Not exactly.  That’s what I thought.  That’s what First Nations leaders thought too.  That’s what a lot of people thought.

My latest research indicates that First Nation individuals are unable to claim a rebate for any purchases off-reserve unless it is delivered to reserve by the retailer’s official agent.

According to the HST/GST Information Update (B-039R3), “… If the purchaser uses his or her own vehicle to transport the property to the reserve, the acquisition is subject to the normal GST/HST rules.”

To their credit, the Government of Ontario is going to bat for First Nations on this issue.  The Minister of Finance and the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs have asked the Government of Canada to respect and continue the current practice of administering the point-of-sale exemption for First Nations.

However, that’s the whole issue: administration of the HST.

Ontario does not have a say in the administration of the tax.  Canada is holding all the cards on point-of-sale exemptions.  Ontario may request a certain point-of-sale exemption, but it’s Canada that has to agree to it.  Unfortunately, the issue of First Nation tax exemption is not a deal breaker for either party.

The biggest argument against First Nations paying the HST should be a socio-economic argument.

First Nations are the poorest of all Canadians.  The socio-economic gap between First Nations and the rest of Canada is staggering.  In Ontario, the unemployment rate for First Nation living on-reserve is at least 3 times higher than the rest of Ontario.  The average income in Ontario is over one third higher than the average income of First Nations people.  One in four First Nations children living on-reserve are growing up in poverty.

Now these same poor people are being asked to pay more and live on less.

Right now, those same red necks in shopping lines everywhere, are praising the changes.  They cite equality and fairness.  “Finally, those Indians are having to pay tax.  What’s fair is fair.”

I’m all for equality and fairness, but that’s a few generations away.  So let’s start with the concept of equity.

What will it take to equalize the unemployment gap?  What will it take to equalize the income gap?  What will it take to bring First Nations children out of poverty?

Forcing the poorest people to pay an additional 8 per cent won’t do it.

DISCLAIMER: The opinions expressed in the Anishinawbe Blog is solely the personal opinion of the author and does not reflect, in any manner, the opinions and position of his employer, community, family or associates.

NOTICE: The Anishinawbe Blog is copyright (c) 2009 BobGoulais.com, Nipissing First Nation, Ontario Canada. All Rights Reserved. Any reproduction, distribution, electronic transmission or unauthorized use, without the expressed permission of the author, is strictly prohibited.

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